China's Water Pollution Prevention Plan for Key Watersheds (2011-2015)

      Category:  Regulatory Approaches
      Policy Type:  Environmental Standards
      Sector:  Mixed
      Region:  Asia
      Country:  China
      Description: China's Water Pollution Prevention Plan for Key Watersheds (2011-2015) covers 10 key watersheds, which then have been divided into 37 control zones and 315 control units to implement the pollution prevention plan. It sets objectives for water quality improvement, control targets of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia emissions. Moreover, for the Chao Lake Basin, Dianchi Lake Basin, the plan lists control target of the emissions of total nitrogen and total phosphorus.
      Outcome:  By 2015, emissions of total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) in Chao Lake Basin will be controlled at 29,000 tons, 2265 tons respectively, which would be reduced by 10.4% and 18%, comparing to the levels in 2010. In Dianchi Lack Basin, the emissions of TN and TP will be controlled at 5200 tons and 346 tons respectively, which would be reduced by 10% and 9.9%, comparing to the levels in 2010.

      Reference:  China's Water Pollution Prevention Plan for Key Watersheds (2011-2015)--In Chinese

      Clean Water Act of 2004

      Category:  Regulatory Approaches
      Policy Type:  Regulatory Framework
      Sector:  Mixed
      Region:  Asia
      Country:  Philippines
      Description: The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 aims to protect the country's water bodies from pollution from land-based sources (industries and commercial establishments, agriculture and community/household activities). It provides a comprehensive and integrated strategy to prevent and minimize pollution through a multi-sectoral and participatory approach involving all the stakeholders.
      Outcome:  The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 helps to regulate water pollutions from domestic, industrial and agricultural sources.

      Reference:  Clean Water Act of 2004 (Philippine)

      Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF)

      Category:  Price-Based Instruments
      Policy Type:  Low-Interest Loans
      Sector:  Mixed
      Region:  North America
      Country:  United States
      Description: The Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) program in the United States has served as the nation's largest water quality financing source to help communities improve water quality and protect and restore drinking water sources. It offers more than $5 billion annually in low-interest loans to fund water quality protection projects for wastewater treatment, nonpoint source pollution control, and watershed and estuary management.
      Outcome:  The CWSRF program in the United States provides low-interest loans; hence, a CWSRF-funded project would cost 17% less than projects funded at the market rate. Since inception, the CWSRF program has spent more than $2.9 billion to control pollution from nonpoint sources and for estuary protection

      Reference:  U.S. Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF)

      Code of Practice for Aquaculture

      Category:  Regulatory Approaches
      Policy Type:  Environmental Standards
      Sector:  Aquaculture
      Region:  Asia
      Country:  Philippines
      Description: The Philippine Code of Practice for Aquaculture provides guidelines for environmentally sound design and operation for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. In section 5, it requires effluents, sediments and other wastes to be properly disposed of through the use of wastewater treatment and settling ponds. Discharged water shall meet water quality standards (e.g., maximum levels of nitrogeous compounds, phosporus). In section 9, it provides guidelines for feed use and management, which requires that feeds shall be selected as to their high utilization rates to reduce nutrient pollution from uneaten feeds and excretory products.
      Outcome:  The Philippine Code of Practice for Aquaculture could help to reduce nutrient pollution caused by uneaten feed and fish wastes, but it is not fully enforced.

      Reference:  Code of Practice for Aquaculture (Philippines)

      Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)/Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program

      Category:  Price-Based Instruments
      Policy Type:  Subsidies, Grants & Incentive Payments
      Sector:  Agriculture
      Region:  North America
      Country:  United States
      Description: The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in the United States is a land conservation program administered by the Farm Service Agency (FSA). The CRP offers a yearly rental payment for enrolled farmers who agree to remove environmentally sensitive land from agricultural production and plant species that will improve environmental health and quality. Contracts for land enrolled in CRP are 10-15 years in length. The Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) is an offshoot of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). The CREP program leverages both state and federal funding for critical environmental priority areas.
      Outcome:  The CRP and CREP programs incentivize the reestablishment of valuable land cover to help improve water quality, prevent soil erosion, and reduce loss of wildlife habitat.

      Reference:  Conservation Reserve Program (US)